Scientists from the University of Michigan with the support of NASA presented the development of a hybrid magnetometer HyMag-ADCS, which combines the functions of controlling the orientation of the satellite and conducting high-precision measurements of the Earth's magnetic field. The system combines compactness, lightness and advanced data processing technologies, making it a promising solution for use on a new generation of small spacecraft.
HyMag-ADCS differs from traditional systems in that it eliminates the need for bulky remote modules to accommodate sensors. Typically, high-precision magnetic field measurements use long remote rods that move the sensors away from sources of magnetic interference on board the vehicle, such as magnetic torque motors. In HyMag-ADCS, these elements are integrated into a single compact 1U (10×10×10 cm) module, which opens up new opportunities for small satellites and spacecraft groupings for multipoint measurements.
The HyMag-ADCS design includes a three-component search coil magnetometer for measuring alternating magnetic fields (AC) and a three-component Quad-Mag magnetometer for measuring constant magnetic fields (DC). To improve accuracy, four magnetoinductive sensors are used, located on a single printed circuit board. The system's electromagnetic rods perform a dual function: they serve as instantaneous thrusters to control the satellite's orientation and simultaneously as search coils for scientific measurements.
The system is equipped with modern data processing algorithms. Machine learning techniques, including unsupervised signal source separation (UBSS) and adaptive wavelet compensation (WAIC-UP), are used to reduce noise and compensate for magnetic interference generated by the device itself. These technologies allow you to perform measurements without having to install sensors on remote structures and provide high sensitivity even in conditions of strong interference.
HyMag-ADCS not only solves navigation and orientation problems, but also provides scientific data collection for studying the Earth's magnetic field and processes in the magnetosphere. These studies are important for understanding the mechanism of protecting the planet from solar radiation, as well as for predicting the consequences of solar storms that can disrupt satellite communications and ground power systems.
According to the developers, a similar magnetometer technology is being used in the NEMISIS experiment, which will be installed on the Artemis Lunar Gateway lunar orbital station. The launch of this mission is scheduled for early 2027.
HyMag-ADCS is at an early stage of development, but already demonstrates potential for future missions related to the study of space weather and the Earth's magnetic environment. The technology can become a key element in creating compact, high-precision and multifunctional satellite systems of the next generation.
